CAP LaserWriter Spooler

cap60/applications/lwsrv/README

Last update:
Mon Aug 28 10:08:35 EST 1995

LWSRV is a LaserWriter print spooler that runs on a UNIX workstation.

In normal operation, LWSRV registers an NBP name (as specified by the -n
command line argument) of NBP type 'LaserWriter' on the local AppleTalk
Network.  It accepts print jobs from Macintosh workstations and submits
them to the standard UNIX print queue (using lpr or lp) for printing.  

A single LWSRV process may be used to advertise a number of LaserWriter
spoolers.  LWSRV is also multi-threaded in that it accepts multiple
incoming print jobs.

This release of LWSRV builds as two versions, 'lwsrv' for use with
LaserWriter drivers version 7.N and earlier, and 'lwsrv8' for use with
LaserWriter drivers version 8.N and later that support level 3 DSC queries.
In some future release, 'lwsrv8' will replace the current 'lwsrv' which
is currently included for backward compatibility.

For more information, see:

	cap60/man/lwsrv.8
	cap60/man/papif.8
	cap60/doc/print.cookbook

	http://www.cs.mu.OZ.AU/appletalk/atalk.html
	
	"Inside Appletalk, 2nd Edition", Sidhu/Andrews/Oppenheimer
	  Chapter 14, "Print Spooling Architecture".

Setting up
------- --

Before you can use LWSRV, you need to already have the ability to send
UNIX print jobs to a Postcript printer using the UNIX lpr(1) or lp(1)
print commands.  You can do this with a serial-line connected printer,
or via the CAP 'papif' program to an AppleTalk connected LaserWriter
(see cap60/doc/print.cookbook or if on a Solaris host, use the script
cap60/applications/papif/add_at_printer).

The LWSRV program is normally started from the 'start-cap-servers' file
which is run at UNIX boot time by an 'rc' startup script.  An example
file is provided in the CAP distribution as cap60/etc/start-cap-servers.


lwsrv for LaserWriter 7.N and below
----- --- ----------- --- --- -----

To use the 'lwsrv' program, you need to provide it with at least four,
usually five command-line arguments;

	-n nameOfPrinter
	-p unixPrintQueue
	-a dictionaryDirectory
	-f fontFile

The "nameOfPrinter" is the name to be advertised in the Macintosh Chooser.
It cannot be the same name as another LaserWriter or print spooler.

The "unixPrintQueue" is the string you normally provide as the lpr -P
option to send jobs to a Postscript printer.

"dictionaryDirectory" is a directory where LWSRV can keep copies of any
printer dictionaries (procsets) that it uploads.  This would normally be
"/usr/local/lib/cap/procsets".

"fontFile" is the name of a file that lists the fonts available for the
printer.  This would normally be "/usr/local/lib/cap/LWPlusFonts" which
you copy from cap60/applications/lwsrv/LWPlusFonts.

When using 'lwsrv' with System 7, you should also specify the -N option
which indicates to 'lwsrv' that it should not collect new Procsets.

There are other possible command line options, including the -k option to
prevent DDP checksums from breaking some printers, see cap60/man/lwsrv.8.


lwsrv8 for LaserWriter 8.N
------ --- ----------- ---

This is the version of LWSRV that supports level 3 DSC queries as used
by the Macintosh LaserWriter 8.N drivers.

'lwsrv8' also supports use of a configuration file which can contain
the normal command line options to LWSRV, answers for level 3 DSC
queries and a pointer to a library database of templates that describe
the features associated with each printer.

To set up 'lwsrv8', copy the file 'DBfile' to /usr/local/lib/cap, then

	cd /usr/local/lib/cap
	lwsrvconfig -c DB DBfile
	mkdir procsets

This creates an ndbm(3) database of the printer descriptions available
in DBfile.  If the printer you have is not included in DBfile, send
the Postscript file 'query.ps' to your printer, transcribe the printed
settings to DBFile and re-run 'lwsrvconfig'.  See the 'lwsrvconfig'
description below.

You then need to edit the file "lwsrv.conf" to add your printer NBP
name, include an appropriate printer description and UNIX printer queue.

The following is an example of a simple "lwsrv.conf" configuration file
that contains an entry naming the library database, the 'lwsrv8' options
and the specification for spooler name and name of the UNIX print queue.

	Library = /usr/local/lib/cap/DB;

	Options = (
		DontCollect;
		ProcsetDir /usr/local/lib/cap/procsets;
		FontFile /usr/local/lib/cap/LW+Fonts;
	);

	"Technical Services Spool" = (
		include "LaserWriter IIf";
		printerqueue lw.tsa;
	);

This would be run as

	lwsrv8 /usr/local/lib/cap/lwsrv.conf

and is approximately equivalent to running 'lwsrv' as

	lwsrv -N -a /usr/local/lib/cap/procsets
		-f /usr/local/lib/cap/LW+Fonts
		-n "Technical Services Spool"
		-p lw.tsa

The 'include "LaserWriter IIf"' entry includes information from the DB
database that describes features associated with the printer, in this
case a LaserWriter IIf. The DBfile entry for a IIf is

	"LaserWriter IIf" = (
		include "LaserWriter Plus";
		FeatureQuery *ColorDevice Unknown;
		FeatureQuery *LanguageLevel '"2"';
		FeatureQuery *PSVersion '"(2010.113) 1"';
		FeatureQuery *FreeVM '"2381689"';
		FeatureQuery *TTRasterizer Type42;
		FeatureQuery *Product '"(LaserWriter IIf)"';
		Query ADORamSize '"8388608"';
	);

Note that a base set of entries, including a font list, is included
from the "LaserWriter Plus" DBfile description.

There are some new compile time options for 'lwsrv8'.  One new option is
-DJOBNOPAREN (append to CFLAGS in makefile).  This option replaces any
parenthesis () in the job string with square brackets [].  The only reason
for this if you have a spooler (like that for the DEC PrintServer 20)
that doesn't handle parenthesis very intelligently when printing the
job string on the banner page.

Another new compile time option is -DTIMESTAMP (append to LWFLAGS in
makefile).  This puts a time stamp on log messages.


lwsrvconfig
-----------

The program 'lwsrvconfig' has two main uses.  First, it is used to create
databases of templates, using the ndbm routines (if you don't have ndbm,
but do have the older dbm routines, use -DNONDBM).

	% lwsrvconfig -c DB DBfile

will read the file "DBfile" and then create a set of dbm database DB.dat,
DB.dir and DB.pag (where the "DB" root in the name is the argument after
the -c).

Secondly, 'lwsrvconfig' can be used to scan configuration files for syntax
errors.  'lwsrvconfig' reads a configuration file and parses it the same
way as 'lwsrv8' does and reports any errors it finds.  It outputs the
printer options to standard output.  The -v option will, in addition,
output all templates used.

	% lwsrvconfig lwsrv.conf
	% lwsrvconfig -v lwsrv.conf


Terminology
-----------

Options are divided into two types.  Global options pertain to all printers
spooled by a lwsrv process.  Per-printer options usually pertain to each
particular printer spooled by a lwsrv process. Refer to the lwsrv.8 manual
entry for command line option details.

      Global	 Option
      Options	  Name

	-C	LPRCommand
	-S	Singlefork
	-X	AUFSSecurity
	-d	Debug
	-l	Logfile
	-v	Verbose

    Per-Printer  Option
      Options	  Name

	-A	DSC
	-L	LPRArgument
	-N	NoCollect
	-P	PassThru
	-R	NeXTResolution
	-T	TranScriptOption
	-a	ProcsetDir
	-e	AllowEEXEC
	-f	FontFile
	-h	SuppressBanner
	-k	NoChecksum
	-q	QueryFile
	-r	KeepSpoolFile
	-t	TraceFile


Each 'lwsrv8' spooler is specified by a spooler name and a lpr printer name.
These correspond with the -n and -p options.  Global options are those that
come before the first -n and -p options.  The per-printer options come
after the -n and -p options, but before the next -n and -p set.

A per-printer option specified before the first -n and -p options becomes
global and so applies to all printers, unless overridden by on a per-printer
basis.  A global option specified after the first -n and -p options still
has global scope.  (Note: there is currently no way to turn off the effect
of a per-printer option used globally on a per-printer basis.)


Examples
--------

	% lwsrv8 -S -n "My Spooler" -p lp2 -a myprocsets -f myfonts \
		-n "Another Spooler" -p lp4 -a procset3 -f morefonts

The two spoolers have their own set of procset directories and font files.
The -S specifies singleforking for both spoolers.

	% lwsrv8 -a procsets -f fonts -n "Jane's Spooler" -p janelp \
		-n "John's Spooler" -p johnlp -f johnfonts -l logfile -T crtolf

The two spoolers share the same procset directory and would have shared the
same font file if "John's Spooler" had not overridden the font file using
"johnfonts".  "John's Spooler" also specifies the -T crtolf option, whereas
"Jane's Spooler" does not.  Even though -l logfile is specified for
"John's Spooler", since it is a global option, it still applies to both
spoolers.


Using a Configuration File
----- - ------------- ----

You can specify a configuration file which lwsrv uses for all its options:

	% lwsrv lwsrv.conf [db]

where db is an optional library of templates (created by lwsrvconfig).

In the configuration file, statements have the following syntax:

	Name = Value;

Statements with multiple values are included in parenthesis or curly brackets:

	Name = (
		Value1;
		Value2 argument;
		 (etc...)
	);

(The parser is free-form; indentation is used for readability only.)

Names, values and arguments can be quoted if they contain whitespace or other
special characters.  Either single or double quotes can be used, especially
to quote the other kind:

	Value '"Quoted Argument"';

Two single or double quotes in a row means a single occurrence of that
character:

	Value John''s;

The configuration file is composed of three parts, of which only the last
part is required.  The first (optional) part is the Library section, specified
with the "Library" keyword:

	Library = DB;

If specified, the Library option specifies a library of templates (this is
overridden by the command line argument).  In this example, DB is taken to
be the root of the ndbm files, DB.dat, DB.dir and DB.pag.

The second (option) part are the global options, specified with the "Options"
keyword:

	Options = (
		-S;
		LogFile logfile;
	);

Options can be either the commandline option (like -S) or the option name
(like SingleFork, matched case-insensitively).

The last part of the configuration file includes templates and printer
definitions.  Here is the above examples in configuration file format:

	Options = -S;

	"My Spooler" = (
		-p lp2;
		-a myprocsets;
		-f myfonts;
	);

	"Another Spooler" = (
		-p lp4;
		-a procset3;
		-f morefonts;
	);

Using option names for the second example:

	Options = (
		ProcsetDir procsets;
		FontFile fonts;
	);
	
	"Jane's Spooler" = PrinterQueue janelp;

	"John's Spooler"  = (
		PrinterQueue johnlp;
		FontFile johnfonts;
		LogFile logfile;
		TranScriptOption crtolf;
	);

These examples don't use templates, nor do they include the ability to
respond to LaserWriter 8.0 queries.  Here is an example of both the use
of templates and queries:

	Options = (
		ProcsetDir procsets;
		LogFile logfile;
	);

	"LaserWriter Plus" = (
		Query ADOIsBinaryOK? True;
		FeatureQuery *ColorDevice False;
		FeatureQuery *FaxSupport None;
		FeatureQuery *LanguageLevel '"1"';
		FeatureQuery *TTRasterizer None;
		Query ADOSpooler spooler;
		FeatureQuery *?Resolution 300dpi;
		FeatureQuery *PSVersion '"(42.2) 3"';
		FeatureQuery *FreeVM '"172414"';
		FeatureQuery *Product '"(LaserWriter Plus)"';
		font (
			AvantGarde-Book,
			AvantGarde-BookOblique,
			AvantGarde-Demi,
			AvantGarde-DemiOblique,
			Bookman-Demi,
			Bookman-DemiItalic,
			Bookman-Light,
			Bookman-LightItalic,
			Courier,
			Courier-Bold,
			Courier-BoldOblique,
			Courier-Oblique,
			Helvetica,
			Helvetica-Bold,
			Helvetica-BoldOblique,
			Helvetica-Narrow,
			Helvetica-Narrow-Bold,
			Helvetica-Narrow-BoldOblique,
			Helvetica-Narrow-Oblique,
			Helvetica-Oblique,
			NewCenturySchlbk-Bold,
			NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic,
			NewCenturySchlbk-Italic,
			NewCenturySchlbk-Roman,
			Palatino-Bold,
			Palatino-BoldItalic,
			Palatino-Italic,
			Palatino-Roman,
			Symbol,
			Times-Bold,
			Times-BoldItalic,
			Times-Italic,
			Times-Roman,
			ZapfChancery-MediumItalic,
			ZapfDingbats,
		);
	);

	"My Spooler" = (
		include "LaserWriter Plus";
		printerqueue lp1;
	);

"LaserWriter Plus" is a template, because it does not include a printerqueue
(-p) option, and so does not correspond to a real printer.  Templates can
be included in the definition of a real printer (or another template) by
the use of the include keyword.  Templates can be nested to any depth, and
can even be forward-referenced in the file (the scan is two pass in nature,
so forward references are taken care of).

	Note that the "font" resource definition is used instead of
	the FontFile option.

An important aspect of templates is that when a printer (or another template)
definition includes a template, the value structures in memory are actually
shared, thus saving on memory usage.  When a value is overridden, a new
value structure is created in memory.

Note that printers can also be included, like any other template:

	"My Trace Spooler" = (
		include "My Spooler";
		TraceFile TRACE;
	);

The library file contains printer template definitions, which can be used
by a configuration file:

	Library = DB;

	Options = (
		LogFile logfile;
		ProcsetDir procsets;
	);

	"My Printer" = (
		include "QMS-PS 410";
		printerqueue qmslp;
	);

	"Another Printer" = (
		include "LaserWriter IIg";
		printerqueue lp5;
		FeatureQuery *FreeVM '"3579932"';
		Query ADORamSize '"5242880"';
	);

Note that you can override queries, as in the above example, where "Another
Printer" has only 5 MB of memory instead of the 8 MB specified in the database.


Creating Templates
-------- ---------

There is a file, "query.ps", that contains PostScript code that will print
the answers to the LaserWriter 8.0 queries.  Just send the file to the printer.
Or you can edit the query.ps file and remove the beginning section of the
file, so that the responses go to the printer's standard output and then
(usually) into the log file.  This is especially useful if you have lots
of fonts.

Edit your database file (DBfile in the above examples, and as shipped with
this software), and add the next template.  Then run lwsrvconfig to rebuild
the database:

	% lwsrvconfig -c DB DBfile


Future Possibilities
------ -------------

lwsrvconfig could be made to build its database from a set of files in a
directory rather than a single file.  This could make maintaining the database
a bit easier.

lwsrvconfig should have a option to dump the contents of the database into
a text format that can be used to recreate the database.


Summary of Changes from the Original lwsrv
------- -- ------- ---- --- -------- -----

Many existing routines, as well as all the new routines rely on a set of
functions provided in list.c.  The List structure is a variable length list
of arbitrary objects.  Normally, the order of objects in a List is significant,
or it can be sorted and a binary search can be used to search through the List.
The KVTree structure is an AVL (self-balancing, binary) tree of key-value pairs.
This is used for binary searching and replacement of key-values.

The printer_instance structure has been moved to query.h, and has been expanded
to allow many more options to be specified on a per-printer basis.  Now only
the -X, -C, -S, -d, -v and -l options apply to all printers, while -T, -e, -N,
-r, -h, -k, -a, -f, -t, -A, -L, -P and -R are per-printer flags.  The -n and -p
flags are used to specify a printer.  When the other per-printer flags are
specified before the first -n or -p, they are taken as defaults values for all
subsequent printers.  The per-printer options used after the -n and -p options
will override the default options.

lwsrv8 can be called without options as in:

	lwsrv8 lwsrv.config [database]

where "lwsrv.config" is the name of a text file that contains configuration
information.  This not only includes the normal options to lwsrv, but also
the answers to PostScript queries, as used in LaserWriter 8.0.  For example,
the line:

	FeatureQuery *ColorDevice False;

in "lwsrv.config" for a particular printer, causes the PostScript query:

	%%?BeginFeatureQuery: *ColorDevice
		(PostScript code...)
	%%?EndFeatureQuery: Unknown

to be answered with "False".  Resources (such as fonts, patterns, but not
procsets, since we still use the original lwsrv way of doing this, namely
to scan a specified directory for procset resources) can also be specified:

	font = (
		Times-Roman,
		Times-Italics,
		...
	);

A template is a set of options and/or query responses, and may include other
templates and override values, but can not specify a Unix printer name (-p).

	"LaserWriter Plus" = (
		include LaserWriter;
		FeatureQuery *Product '"LaserWriter Plus"';
		...
	);

A printer is like a template, but does include the Unix printer name.

	"My Spooler" = (
		include "LaserWriter IIg";
		PrinterQueue lp;
		...
	);

Options can be entered using the original lwsrv option (like -p) or with a
case-insensitive name (like PrinterQueue).

The option second argument "database" is a ndbm (or dbm) database of templates
that will be used to satisfy unknown template references in the "config" file.
The database can also be specified in the configuration file itself, as the
first line:

	Database db;

The reading of the configuration file and the building of the templates and
printers is handled by parse.c, parsey.y (yacc) and parsel.l (lex).  There is
also an include file parse.h.

The program lwsrvconfig is designed to do several things.  First, it reads a
configuration file the same way that lwsrv would, and can be used to detect
syntax errors and other problems (syntax error checking is primitive, as it
aborts on the first error).  lwsrvconfig can also be used to create the ndbm
(or dbm) database of templates.

Set mode 0600 on normal temp file and 0644 on trace file.

Variable "tracing" set to true if we are doing tracing.

Tracing now includes responses sent back to client.  These lines begin with
"--lwsrv=>".

scantoken() has been totally re-written, mainly to support binary data that
can be sent by LaserWriter 8.0, but also to make it more modular and efficient.
In addition, tokens are normally passed through (before, some were and some
were not passed through) so that better post-processing of the document
structure can be done.

tokval() was rewritten to do binary searching of the toktbl[] (it was a linear
search before).

The toktbl[] has been changed to include a variable called changeecho, which
tells scantoken() to either leave echoing the same (ECHO_UNCHANGED), turn
off echoing before dumping out the current token (ECHO_OFF) or turn on echoing
but after trying to dump out the current token (ECHO_ON).

A new flag -q specifies a file in which unknown queries are written.  This can
show you when you haven't specified all the necessary queries for a printer,
should allow more easy updates to the query responses when future LaserWriter
driver come out.

NewStatus() now works even multi-forked.  Status is written to a shared file
named .lwsrvstatusXXXXX, where XXXXX is the process id of the original server.
abpaps.c has been modified to provide a callback function when a status reply
or an open reply occur.  The callback function for the status calls checks to
see if the requesting node is one with an open connection.  If so, the status
is read from the shared file and returned.  For all other nodes, the status
is either "idle" if there are no children running for that spooler, or
"processing job(s)" if it is.  scantoken() was also changed so that NewStatus()
is called at the beginning of each page.

The open reply callback function is used for LWSRV_AUFS_SECURITY.  Just as the
connection is to be opened, the callback does the usual LWSRV_AUFS_SECURITY
checks and returns an error message if it fails, or sets a boolean in the
aufssecurity array.  The array is checked in the main loop, and the connection
closed if the appropriate flag is not set.  (This has not been tested.)

childjob() was modified to set requname if LWSRV_AUFS_SECURITY is not set
and LWSRV_LPR_LOG is set (otherwise, requname is never set and the log
message contains <unknown> as the user).

unparen() is a routine that removes the leading left and trailing right
parenthesis from a string.  This is used in getjob() to remove the parenthesis
in the %%For: and %%Title: fields, which LaserWriter 8.0 now adds.  Without
this, RUN_AS_USER fails, since there isn't a user name with parenthesis.

If you define JOBNOPAREN, all (remaining) parenthesis are converted to
square brackets.  This is useful for spooler that print the jobname on
the banner page, but don't handle parenthesis well (the DEC PrintServer 20
has problems with this, so changing to square brackets fixes the problem).

You can specify a printer specified denied access message (LWSRV_AUFS_SECURITY)
by specifying a "DeniedMessage" line in the configuration file:

	printer = (
		AUFSSecurity /tmp/xxx;
		DeniedMessage "No can do from %s";
		...
	);

This string is passed through fprintf, with %s being replaced by the hostname.
(Note: you will need to escape percent signs by doubling %%.)

Now, when a child is forked, all other PAP connections are closed.  Before,
one child would wait until another child was done, even if the children
were for different printers.  Now the children act independently, as they
should.

Name-Binding Protocol